حروف الجر فى اللغة الإنجليزية

Prepositions are words that are usually followed by nouns
or pronouns. A noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition is calles the object of the preposition


Below there are some of the most common prepositions, their meanings and examples on each one of them




1- About


(عن) a. On the subject of
This is a story about elephants
(ما يقارب) b. Approximately
He is about ten years old


2- Above


(أعلى من - فوق) a. Higher than; over
The plane flew above the clouds


3- Across


(عبر) a. From one side to the other
We walked across the field
(في الجهة المقابلة) b. On the other side of
There is a store across the street


4- After


(بعد {زمان}) a. Later in time
after ten o'clock; after lunch
(وراء {مكان}) b. In pursuit of
The dog ran after the cat


5- Against


(ضد) a. In opposition to
Theft is against the law
(على بمعنى يسند الشيء بمحاذاة شيء آخر) b. Touching; supported by
I leaned my bicycle against the wall


6- Along


(على طول مثلا الطريق - الشارع) a. Following the length of
We walked along the road


7- Among


(بين مجموعة اي ثلاثة و ما فوق) a. Within a group
The money was shared among three people


8- Around


( حول) a. Circling something
We walked around the block
(حول) b. Surrounding
There is a fence around the garden
( في أرجاء مختلفة من المكان)c. In different parts of
I looked around the house for the keys
(ما يقارب) d. Approximately
He is around six feet tall


9- At


(في مكان او موقع محدد) a. A specific location
at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park
(في زمن محدد) b. A point in time
at 5 o'clock; at night
(في حالة او وضع معين) c. A condition
at peace; at war; at rest
(في نشاط ما) d. An activity
at work; at school; at play
(في اتجاه) e. Towards
Look at someone; wave at someone


10- Before


(قبل) a. Earlier in time
before two o'clock; before Christmas
(قبل) b. Earlier in a series
S comes before T in the alphabet


11- Behind


(خلف) a. At the back of
The little girl hid behind her mother.
(متأخر) b. Late
I am behind in my work
(خلف بمعنى سبب) c. Cause; origin
Who was behind that idea


12- Below


(تحت) a. Lower than; under
below freezing; below sea level


13- Beneath


. (تحت) Lower than; below
beneath the earth


14- Beside


(بجانب) Next to; at the side of
I sit beside her in class


15- Besides


(أيضاً - بالإضافة إلى) Also; as well as
We study other languages besides English


16- Between


(بين موقعين او مكانين) a. An intermediate location:
Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver.
(بين زمانين او مناسبتين) b. An intermediate time
between Christmas and New Year's Day
(بين شيئين في سلسلة) c. Intermediate in a series:
B comes between A and C in the alphabet.
(بين مجموعتين) d. Within a group of two:
The money was shared between two people


17- Beyond


(أبعد من) a. Farther than
The mountains lie beyond the horizon.
(يفوق) b. Further than; exceeding
That was beyond my expectations.


18- But


(ما عدا - إلاّ) Except:
I have read all but the last chapter.


19- By


(قرب) a. Near
a house by the sea
(مروراً) b. Past
He waved as he drove by the house.
(بوحدة قياس معينة) c. In units of
cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
(ب - من خلال) d. Through the means of
travel by plane; written by him

1. Despite
المعنى1: inspite of أو بالرغم من
مثال: We walked downtown despite the rain.

2. Down
المعنى 1: To a lower position نزولاً أو إلى أسفل
مثال: The ball rolled down the hill.

3. During
المعنى: Throughout a period: أو خلال
مثال: She works during the day.

4. Except
المعنى: Not including أو ما عدا:
مثال: I have visited everyone except him.

( لـ ) 5. For
المعنى 1 : Duration of time أو لمدة من الزمن
مثال: We walked for two hours.
المعنى 2: Distance: أو لمسافة معينة
مثال: I walked for five kilometers.
المعنى 3: Purpose: أو لغرض ما
مثال: I bought this jacket for you.
المعنى 4:In favor of: أو مع (أي يدعم أقتراح و ليس ضد)
مثال: We are for the proposal.
المعنى 5: Considering: نظراً لـ
مثال: The boy is clever for his age.

6. From
المعنى 1: من مكان Place of origin:
مثال: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
المعنى 2: من نقطة زمنية Start of a period of time:
مثال:from now on; from yesterday until today
المعنى 3: من Cause:
مثال: He suffers from nervousness.
المعنى 4: من مصدر Source:
I first heard the story from you.

7. In
المعنى 1: في Within a location:
أمثلة: in the room; in London in the building
المعنى 2: خلال مدة زمنية محددة Within a certain time:
مثال: I will return in an hour.
المعنى 3: بـ (بواسطة) By means of:
مثال: write in pencil; speak in English

8. Inside
المعنى: في داخل Within:
مثال: They are inside the house.

9. Into
المعنى 1: إلى داخل To the inside of:
مثال: We stepped into the room.
المعنى 2: من حال إلى حال أخرى Change of condition:
مثال: The boy changed into a man.


10. Like
المعنى 1: مشابهاً (كأنه)Resembling:
مثال: That looks like him.

11. Near
المعنى : قرب Close to:
مثال: near the school; near the ocean

12. Of
المعنى 1: (الـ)
مثال: the middle of the road ; the sound of music
المعنى 2: جزء من مجموعة Part of a group:
مثال: one of us; a member of the team
المعنى 3: من (للقياس) Measurement:
مثال: a cup of milk; two meters of snow

13. Off
المعنى 1: بعيدا عن او من Not on; away from:
مثال: Please keep off the grass.

14. On
المعنى 1: على (اي على سطح الشيء) Touching the surface of:
مثال: on the table; on the wall
المعنى 2: في يوم محدد A certain day:
مثال: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June.
المعنى 3: في شارع محدد A certain street:
مثال: on South Street
المعنى 4: في حالة معينة A state or condition:
مثال: on strike; on fire; on holiday
المعنى 5: على (أي من خلال)By means of:
مثال: shown on television


15. Onto
المعنى: إلى مكان على To a position on:
The child climbed onto the table.

16. Opposite
المعنى: مقابل أو مواجه Facing:
The library is opposite the fire station.

17. Out of
المعنى 1: خارج الـ To the outside of:
مثال: She went out of the room.
المعنى 2: من ضمن From among:
مثال: We won two games out of three.
المعنى 3: بدافع Motive:
مثال: We spoke to them out of politeness.
المعنى 4: بعيدأ عن Beyond:
مثال: out of control; out of danger

18. Outside
المعنى: خارج On the outer side of:
مثال: outside the house

19. Over
المعنى: أعلى Above; higher than:
مثال: There are cupboards over the sink.
المعنى 2: على (مغطياً) Covering:
مثال: We spread an extra blanket over the bed.
المعنى 3: أكثر من More than:
مثال: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour
المعنى 4: خلال فترة زمنية محددة During:
مثال: I saw him several times over the past week

[b]

1. Per
المعنى: لـ أو في for each
مثال: 600kilometers per hour; price per liter

2. Plus
.المعنى: زائد With the addition of
مثال: Six plus four equals ten

3. Since
المعنى: منذ From a specific time in the past:
مثال: I had been waiting since two o'clock

4. Through
المعنى1: عبر Across; from end to end of
مثال: the main road through town

المعنى 2: طوال فترة زمنية For the whole of a period
مثال: I slept through the night

المعنى3: By means of
مثال: Skill improves through practice

5. Throughout
: المعنى:في كل أنحاء In every part of
مثال: throughout the world

المعنى2: خلال كل الفترة الزمنية For the whole of a period:
مثال: throughout the winter

6. Till
المعنى: حتى Up to a certain time
مثال: till the end

7. To
المعنى1: باتجاه In the direction of
مثال: Turn to the right

المعنى2: إلى Destination
مثال: I am going to Rome

المعنى 3: لغاية Until
مثال: from Monday to Friday; five minutes to ten

المعنى4: كي In order to
مثال: We went to the store to buy soap

8. Toward (or Towards)
المعنى: باتجاه In the direction of
مثال: We walked toward the center of town

9. Under
المعنى1: تحت Beneath
مثال: under the desk; under the trees

المعنى2: أقل من Less than
مثال: Under 100 people were present

المعنى3: في قيد (مثلا: التنفيذ أو الإنشاء) In circumstances of
مثال: under repair; under way; under discussion

10. Underneath
المعنى: تحت Below, under
مثال: underneath the carpet

11. Until
المعنى: حتى Up to a certain time
مثال: She will stay until Friday; until 5 p.m

12. Upon
المعنى: على on
مثال: depend upon; rely upon

13. Up
المعنى1: أعلى In a higher place
مثال: She lives up the hill

14. Up to
المعنى1: لغاية As far as
مثال: up to now; I have read up to page 100

المعنى2: معتمدا على Depending on
مثال: The decision is up to you

15. Versus
المعنى: ضد (في القانون و الرياضة) Against (sports, legal)
مثال: The next game is England versus Australia

16, Via
المعنى: عن طريق By way of
مثال: He went to Los Angeles via San Francisco

17. With
المعنى1: مع Accompanying
مثال: He came with her;
I have my keys with me

المعنى2: بـ أو مستخدما By means of; using
مثال: I repaired the shoes with glue

18. Within
المعنى: ضمن Inside of
مثال: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer

19. Without
المعنى: بدون Not having
مثال: Do not leave without your coat; without money


و هكذا ننهي معظم أحرف الجر و معانيها

[/b]